Source code for Orange.preprocess.discretize

import calendar
import re
import time
from numbers import Number
from typing import NamedTuple, List, Union, Callable, Optional
import datetime
from itertools import count

import numpy as np
import scipy.sparse as sp

from Orange.data import DiscreteVariable, Domain, TimeVariable, Table
from Orange.data.sql.table import SqlTable
from Orange.statistics import distribution, contingency, util as ut
from Orange.statistics.basic_stats import BasicStats
from Orange.util import Reprable, utc_from_timestamp
from .transformation import Transformation
from . import _discretize

__all__ = ["EqualFreq", "EqualWidth", "EntropyMDL", "DomainDiscretizer",
           "decimal_binnings", "time_binnings", "short_time_units",
           "BinDefinition"]


class Discretizer(Transformation):
    """Value transformer that returns an index of the bin for the given value.
    """
    def __init__(self, variable, points):
        super().__init__(variable)
        self.points = points

    @staticmethod
    def digitize(x, bins):
        if sp.issparse(x):
            if len(bins):
                x.data = np.digitize(x.data, bins)
            else:
                x = sp.csr_matrix(x.shape)
            return x
        else:
            return np.digitize(x, bins) if len(bins) else [0]*len(x)

    def transform(self, c):
        if sp.issparse(c):
            return self.digitize(c, self.points)
        elif c.size:
            return np.where(np.isnan(c), np.NaN, self.digitize(c, self.points))
        else:
            return np.array([], dtype=int)

    @staticmethod
    def _fmt_interval(low, high, formatter):
        assert low is not None or high is not None
        assert low is None or high is None or low < high
        if low is None or np.isinf(low):
            return f"< {formatter(high)}"
        if high is None or np.isinf(high):
            return f"≥ {formatter(low)}"
        return f"{formatter(low)} - {formatter(high)}"

    @classmethod
    def create_discretized_var(cls, var, points, ndigits=None):
        if ndigits is None:
            def fmt(val):
                sval = var.str_val(val)
                # For decimal numbers, remove trailing 0's and . if no decimals left
                if re.match(r"^\d+\.\d+", sval):
                    return sval.rstrip("0").rstrip(".")
                return sval
        else:
            def fmt(val):
                return f"{val:.{ndigits}f}"

        lpoints = list(points)
        if lpoints:
            values = [
                cls._fmt_interval(low, high, fmt)
                for low, high in zip([-np.inf] + lpoints, lpoints + [np.inf])]
            to_sql = BinSql(var, lpoints)
        else:
            values = ["single_value"]
            to_sql = SingleValueSql(values[0])

        dvar = DiscreteVariable(name=var.name, values=values,
                                compute_value=cls(var, points),
                                sparse=var.sparse)
        dvar.source_variable = var
        dvar.to_sql = to_sql
        return dvar

    def __eq__(self, other):
        return super().__eq__(other) and self.points == other.points

    def __hash__(self):
        return hash((type(self), self.variable, tuple(self.points)))


class BinSql:
    def __init__(self, var, points):
        self.var = var
        self.points = points

    def __call__(self):
        return f'width_bucket({self.var.to_sql()}, ' \
               f'ARRAY{str(self.points)}::double precision[])'


class SingleValueSql:
    def __init__(self, value):
        self.value = value

    def __call__(self):
        return "'%s'" % self.value


[docs] class Discretization(Reprable): """Abstract base class for discretization classes.""" def __call__(self, data, variable): """ Compute discretization of the given variable on the given data. Return a new variable with the appropriate domain (:obj:`Orange.data.DiscreteVariable.values`) and transformer (:obj:`Orange.data.Variable.compute_value`). """ raise NotImplementedError( "Subclasses of 'Discretization' need to implement " "the call operator")
[docs] class EqualFreq(Discretization): """Discretization into bins with approximately equal number of data instances. .. attribute:: n Number of bins (default: 4). The actual number may be lower if the variable has less than n distinct values. """ def __init__(self, n=4): self.n = n # noinspection PyProtectedMember def __call__(self, data, attribute): if type(data) == SqlTable: att = attribute.to_sql() quantiles = [(i + 1) / self.n for i in range(self.n - 1)] query = data._sql_query( ['quantile(%s, ARRAY%s)' % (att, str(quantiles))], use_time_sample=1000) with data._execute_sql_query(query) as cur: points = sorted(set(cur.fetchone()[0])) else: d = distribution.get_distribution(data, attribute) points = _discretize.split_eq_freq(d, self.n) # np.unique handles cases in which differences are below precision points = list(np.unique(points)) return Discretizer.create_discretized_var( data.domain[attribute], points)
[docs] class EqualWidth(Discretization): """Discretization into a fixed number of bins with equal widths. .. attribute:: n Number of bins (default: 4). """ def __init__(self, n=4): self.n = n # noinspection PyProtectedMember def __call__(self, data: Table, attribute, fixed=None): if fixed: mn, mx = fixed[attribute.name] points = self._split_eq_width(mn, mx) else: if type(data) == SqlTable: stats = BasicStats(data, attribute) points = self._split_eq_width(stats.min, stats.max) else: values = data.get_column(attribute) if values.size: mn, mx = ut.nanmin(values), ut.nanmax(values) points = self._split_eq_width(mn, mx) else: points = [] return Discretizer.create_discretized_var( data.domain[attribute], points) def _split_eq_width(self, mn, mx): if np.isnan(mn) or np.isnan(mx) or mn == mx: return [] dif = (mx - mn) / self.n return [mn + i * dif for i in range(1, self.n)]
class TooManyIntervals(ValueError): pass class FixedWidth(Discretization): def __init__(self, width, digits=None): super().__init__() self.width = width self.digits = digits def __call__(self, data: Table, attribute): values = data.get_column(attribute) points = [] if values.size: mn, mx = ut.nanmin(values), ut.nanmax(values) if not np.isnan(mn): minf = int(1 + np.floor(mn / self.width)) maxf = int(1 + np.floor(mx / self.width)) if maxf - minf - 1 >= 100: raise TooManyIntervals points = [i * self.width for i in range(minf, maxf)] return Discretizer.create_discretized_var( data.domain[attribute], points, ndigits=self.digits) class FixedTimeWidth(Discretization): def __init__(self, width, unit): # unit: 0=year, 1=month, 2=day, 3=hour, 4=minute, 5=second # for week, use day with a width of 7 super().__init__() self.width = width self.unit = unit def __call__(self, data: Table, attribute): fmt = ["%Y", "%y %b", "%y %b %d", "%y %b %d %H:%M", "%y %b %d %H:%M", "%H:%M:%S"][self.unit] values = data.get_column(attribute) times = [] if values.size: mn, mx = ut.nanmin(values), ut.nanmax(values) if not np.isnan(mn): mn = utc_from_timestamp(mn).timetuple() mx = utc_from_timestamp(mx).timetuple() times = _time_range(mn, mx, self.unit, self.width, 0, 100) if times is None: raise TooManyIntervals times = [time.struct_time(t + (0, 0, 0)) for t in times][1:-1] points = np.array([calendar.timegm(t) for t in times]) values = [time.strftime(fmt, t) for t in times] values = _simplified_time_intervals(values) var = data.domain[attribute] return DiscreteVariable(name=var.name, values=values, compute_value=Discretizer(var, points), sparse=var.sparse) def _simplified_time_intervals(labels): def no_common(a, b): for i, pa, pb in zip(count(), a, b): if pa != pb: if common + i == 2: i -= 1 return b[i:] # can't come here (unless a == b?!) return b # pragma: no cover if not labels: return [] common = 100 labels = [label.split() for label in labels] for common, parts in enumerate(map(set, zip(*labels))): if len(parts) > 1: break if common == 2: # If we keep days, we must also keep months common = 1 labels = [label[common:] for label in labels] join = " ".join return [f"< {join(labels[0])}"] + [ f"{join(low)} - {join(no_common(low, high))}" for low, high in zip(labels, labels[1:]) ] + [f"≥ {join(labels[-1])}"] class Binning(Discretization): """Discretization with nice thresholds This class creates different decimal or time binnings and picks the one in which the number of interval is closest to the desired number. The difference is measured as proportion; e.g. having 30 % less intervals is the same difference as having 30 % too many. .. attribute:: n Desired number of bins (default: 4). """ def __init__(self, n=4): self.n = n def __call__(self, data: Table, attribute): attribute = data.domain[attribute] values = data.get_column(attribute) values = values.astype(float) if not values.size: return self._create_binned_var(None, attribute) var = data.domain[attribute] if isinstance(var, TimeVariable): binnings = time_binnings(values) else: binnings = decimal_binnings(values) return self._create_binned_var(binnings, attribute) def _create_binned_var(self, binnings, variable): if not binnings: return Discretizer.create_discretized_var(variable, []) # If self.n is 2, require two intervals (one threshold, excluding top # and bottom), else require at least three intervals # ... unless this is the only option, in which case we use it # Break ties in favour of more bins binning = min( (binning for binning in binnings if len(binning.thresholds) - 2 >= 1 + (self.n != 2)), key=lambda binning: (abs(self.n - (len(binning.short_labels) - 1)), -len(binning.short_labels)), default=binnings[-1]) if len(binning.thresholds) == 2: return Discretizer.create_discretized_var(variable, []) blabels = binning.labels[1:-1] labels = [f"< {blabels[0]}"] + [ f"{lab1} - {lab2}" for lab1, lab2 in zip(blabels, blabels[1:]) ] + [f"≥ {blabels[-1]}"] discretizer = Discretizer(variable, list(binning.thresholds[1:-1])) dvar = DiscreteVariable(name=variable.name, values=labels, compute_value=discretizer, sparse=variable.sparse) dvar.source_variable = variable return dvar class BinDefinition(NamedTuple): thresholds: np.ndarray # thresholds, including the top labels: List[str] # friendly-formatted thresholds short_labels: List[str] # shorter labels (e.g. simplified dates) width: Union[float, None] # widths, if uniform; otherwise None width_label: str # friendly-formatted width (e.g. '50' or '2 weeks') # NamedTupleMeta doesn't allow to define __new__ so we need a subclass # Name of the class has to be the same to match the namedtuple name # pylint: disable=function-redefined class BinDefinition(BinDefinition): def __new__(cls, thresholds, labels="%g", short_labels=None, width=None, width_label=""): def get_labels(fmt, default=None): if fmt is None: return default if isinstance(fmt, str): return [fmt % x for x in thresholds] elif isinstance(fmt, Callable): return [fmt(x) for x in thresholds] else: return fmt labels = get_labels(labels) short_labels = get_labels(short_labels, labels) if not width_label and width is not None: width_label = f"{width:g}" return super().__new__( cls, thresholds, labels, short_labels, width, width_label) @property def start(self) -> float: return self.thresholds[0] @property def nbins(self) -> int: return len(self.thresholds) - 1 def decimal_binnings( data, *, min_width=0, min_bins=2, max_bins=50, min_unique=5, add_unique=0, factors=(0.01, 0.02, 0.025, 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 5, 10, 20), label_fmt="%g") -> List[BinDefinition]: """ Find a set of nice splits of data into bins The function first computes the scaling factor that is, the power of 10 that brings the interval of values within [0, 1]. For instances, if the numbers come from interaval 10004001 and 10007005, the width of the interval is 3004, so the scaling factor is 1000. The function next considers bin widths that are products of scaling and different factors from 20 to 0.01 that make sense in decimal scale (see default value for argument `factors`). For each width, it rounds the minimal value down to this width and the maximal value up, and it computes the number of bins of that width that fit between these two values. If the number of bins is between `min_bins` and `max_bins`, and the width is at least `min_width`, this is a valid interval. If the data has no more than `min_unique` unique values, the function will add a set of bins that put each value into its own bin. If the data has no more than `add_unique` values, that last bins will put each value into its own bin. Args: data (np.ndarray): vector of data points; values may repeat, and nans and infs are filtered out. min_width (float): minimal bin width min_bins (int): minimal number of bins max_bins (int): maximal number of bins; the number of bins will never exceed the number of unique values min_unique (int): if the number of unique values are less or equal to `min_unique`, the function returns a single binning that matches that values in the data add_unique (int): similar to `min_unique` except that such bins are added to the list; set to 0 to disable factors (list of float): The factors with which the scaling is multiplied. Default is `(0.01, 0.02, 0.025, 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 5, 10, 20)`, so if scaling is 1000, considered bin widths are 20000, 10000, 5000, 2000, 1000, 500, 250, 200, 100, 50, 25, 20 and 10. label_fmt (str or Callable): A format string (default: "%g") used for threshold labels, or a function for formatting thresholds (e.g. var.str_val) Returns: bin_definition (list of BinDefinition): `BinDefinition` is a named tuple containing the beginning of the first bin (`start`), number of bins (`nbins`) and their widths (`width`). The last value can also be a `nd.array` with `nbins + 1` elements, which describes bins of unequal width and is used for binnings that match the unique values in the data (see `min_unique` and `add_unique`). """ bins = [] mn, mx, unique = _min_max_unique(data) if len(unique) <= max(min_unique, add_unique): bins.append(BinDefinition(_unique_thresholds(unique), label_fmt)) if len(unique) <= min_unique: return bins diff = mx - mn f10 = 10 ** -np.floor(np.log10(diff)) max_bins = min(max_bins, len(unique)) for f in factors: width = f / f10 if width < min_width: continue mn_ = np.floor(mn / width) * width mx_ = np.ceil(mx / width) * width nbins = np.round((mx_ - mn_) / width) if min_bins <= nbins <= max_bins \ and (not bins or bins[-1].nbins != nbins): bins_ = mn_ + width * np.arange(nbins + 1) # to prevent values on the edge of the bin fall in the wrong bin # due to precision error on decimals that are not precise bins_ = np.around(bins_, decimals=np.finfo(bins_.dtype).precision) bin_def = BinDefinition(bins_, label_fmt, None, width) bins.append(bin_def) return bins def time_binnings(data, *, min_bins=2, max_bins=50, min_unique=5, add_unique=0 ) -> List[BinDefinition]: """ Find a set of nice splits of time variable data into bins The function considers bin widths of - 1, 5, 10, 15, 30 seconds. - 1, 5, 10, 15, 30 minutes, - 1, 2, 3, 6, 12 hours, - 1 day, - 1, 2 weeks, - 1, 2, 3, 6 months, - 1, 2, 5, 10, 25, 50, 100 years, and returns those that yield between `min_bins` and `max_bins` intervals. Args: data (np.ndarray): vector of data points; values may repeat, and nans and infs are filtered out. min_bins (int): minimal number of bins max_bins (int): maximal number of bins; the number of bins will never exceed the number of unique values Returns: bin_boundaries (list of BinDefinition): a list of possible binning. Each element of `bin_boundaries` is a tuple consisting of a label describing the bin size (e.g. `2 weeks`) and a list of thresholds. Thresholds are given as pairs (number_of_seconds_since_epoch, label). """ mn, mx, unique = _min_max_unique(data) mn = utc_from_timestamp(mn).timetuple() mx = utc_from_timestamp(mx).timetuple() bins = [] if len(unique) <= max(min_unique, add_unique): bins.append(_unique_time_bins(unique)) if len(unique) > min_unique: bins += _time_binnings(mn, mx, min_bins + 1, max_bins + 1) return bins def _time_binnings(mn, mx, min_pts, max_pts): bins = [] for place, step, fmt, unit in ( [(5, x, "%H:%M:%S", "second") for x in (1, 5, 10, 15, 30)] + [(4, x, "%b %d %H:%M", "minute") for x in (1, 5, 10, 15, 30)] + [(3, x, "%y %b %d %H:%M", "hour") for x in (1, 2, 3, 6, 12)] + [(2, 1, "%y %b %d", "day")] + [(2, x, "%y %b %d", "week") for x in (7, 14)] + [(1, x, "%y %b", "month") for x in (1, 2, 3, 6)] + [(0, x, "%Y", "year") for x in (1, 2, 5, 10, 25, 50, 100)]): times = _time_range(mn, mx, place, step, min_pts, max_pts) if not times: continue times = [time.struct_time(t + (0, 0, 0)) for t in times] thresholds = np.array([calendar.timegm(t) for t in times]) labels = [time.strftime(fmt, t) for t in times] short_labels = _simplified_labels(labels) if place == 2 and step >= 7: unit_label = f"{step // 7} week{'s' * (step > 7)}" else: unit_label = f"{step} {unit}{'s' * (step > 1)}" new_bins = BinDefinition( thresholds, labels, short_labels, None, unit_label) if not bins or new_bins.nbins != bins[-1].nbins: bins.append(new_bins) return bins # datetime + deltatime is not very useful here because deltatime is # given a number of days, not years or months, so it doesn't allow # for specifying a step of 1 month def _time_range(start, end, place, step, min_pts, max_pts, _zeros=(0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0)): if place == 2 and step % 7 == 0: startd = datetime.date(*start[:3]) startd -= datetime.timedelta(days=-startd.weekday()) start = [startd.year, startd.month, startd.day, 0, 0, 0] else: start = list( start[:place] + ((start[place] - _zeros[place]) // step * step + _zeros[place], ) + _zeros[place + 1:]) end = list(end[:place + 1] + _zeros[place + 1:]) s = [tuple(start)] for _ in range(max_pts - 1): start[place] += step if place >= 3: # hours, minutes, seconds for pos, maxval in enumerate((60, 60, 24), start=1): if start[-pos] >= maxval: start[-pos - 1] += 1 start[-pos] %= maxval if place >= 2: md = _month_days(*start[:2]) if start[2] > md: start[1] += 1 start[2] %= md if start[1] > 12: start[0] += 1 start[1] %= 12 s.append(tuple(start)) if start > end: return s if len(s) >= min_pts else None return None def _month_days(year, month, _md=(None, 31, 28, 31, 30, 31, 30, 31, 31, 30, 31, 30, 31)): return _md[month] + ( month == 2 and (year % 400 == 0 or year % 4 == 0 and year % 100 != 0)) def _simplified_labels(labels): labels = labels[:] to_remove = "42" while True: firsts = {f for f, *_ in (lab.split() for lab in labels)} if len(firsts) != 1: # can be 0 if there are no labels break to_remove = firsts.pop() flen = len(to_remove) if any(len(lab) == flen for lab in labels): break labels = [lab[flen+1:] for lab in labels] for i in range(len(labels) - 1, 0, -1): for k, c, d in zip(count(), labels[i].split(), labels[i - 1].split()): if c != d: labels[i] = " ".join(labels[i].split()[k:]) break # If the last thing removed were month names and the labels continues with # hours, keep month name in the first label; "08 12:29" looks awkward. if not to_remove[0].isdigit() and ":" in labels[0]: labels[0] = f"{to_remove} {labels[0]}" return labels def _unique_time_bins(unique): times = [utc_from_timestamp(x).timetuple() for x in unique] fmt = f'%y %b %d' fmt += " %H:%M" * (len({t[2:] for t in times}) > 1) fmt += ":%S" * bool(np.all(unique % 60 == 0)) labels = [time.strftime(fmt, x) for x in times] short_labels = _simplified_labels(labels) return BinDefinition(_unique_thresholds(unique), labels, short_labels) def _unique_thresholds(unique): if len(unique) >= 2: # make the last bin the same width as the one before last_boundary = 2 * unique[-1] - unique[-2] else: last_boundary = unique[0] + 1 return np.hstack((unique, [last_boundary])) def _min_max_unique(data): unique = np.unique(data) unique = unique[np.isfinite(unique)] if not unique.size: raise ValueError("no valid (non-nan) data") return unique[0], unique[-1], unique short_time_units = dict(seconds="sec", minutes="min", hours="hrs", weeks="wks", months="mon", years="yrs", second="sec", minute="min", month="mon") # noinspection PyPep8Naming
[docs] class EntropyMDL(Discretization): """ Discretization into bins inferred by recursively splitting the values to minimize the class-entropy. The procedure stops when further splits would decrease the entropy for less than the corresponding increase of minimal description length (MDL). [FayyadIrani93]. If there are no suitable cut-off points, the procedure returns a single bin, which means that the new feature is constant and can be removed. .. attribute:: force Induce at least one cut-off point, even when its information gain is lower than MDL (default: False). """ def __init__(self, force=False): self.force = force def __call__(self, data, attribute): cont = contingency.get_contingency(data, attribute) values, I = cont.values, cont.counts.T cut_ind = np.array(self._entropy_discretize_sorted(I, self.force)) if len(cut_ind) > 0: # "the midpoint between each successive pair of examples" (FI p.1) points = (values[cut_ind] + values[cut_ind - 1]) / 2. else: points = [] return Discretizer.create_discretized_var( data.domain[attribute], points) @classmethod def _normalize(cls, X: Union[List[List[Number]], np.ndarray], axis: Optional[int] = None, out: Optional[np.ndarray] = None) -> np.ndarray: """ Normalize `X` array so it sums to 1.0 over the `axis`. Parameters ---------- X : array Array to normalize. axis : optional int Axis over which the resulting array sums to 1. out : optional array Output array of the same shape as X. """ X = np.asarray(X, dtype=float) scale = np.sum(X, axis=axis, keepdims=True) scale[scale == 0] = 1 if out is None: return X / scale else: if out is not X: assert out.shape == X.shape out[:] = X out /= scale return out @classmethod def _entropy_normalized(cls, D, axis=None): """ Compute the entropy of distribution array `D`. `D` must be a distribution (i.e. sum to 1.0 over `axis`) Parameters ---------- D : array Distribution. axis : optional int Axis of `D` along which to compute the entropy. """ # req: (np.sum(D, axis=axis) >= 0).all() # req: (np.sum(D, axis=axis) <= 1).all() # req: np.all(np.abs(np.sum(D, axis=axis) - 1) < 1e-9) D = np.asarray(D) if np.sum(D) == 0: return 0 Dc = np.clip(D, np.finfo(D.dtype).eps, 1.0) return - np.sum(D * np.log2(Dc), axis=axis) @classmethod def _entropy(cls, D, axis=None): """ Compute the entropy of distribution `D`. Parameters ---------- D : array Distribution. axis : optional int Axis of `D` along which to compute the entropy. """ D = cls._normalize(D, axis=axis) return cls._entropy_normalized(D, axis=axis) @classmethod def _entropy1(cls, D): """ Compute the entropy of distributions in `D` (one per each row). """ D = cls._normalize(D) return _discretize.entropy_normalized1(D) @classmethod def _entropy2(cls, D): """ Compute the entropy of distributions in `D` (one per each row). """ D = cls._normalize(D, axis=1) return _discretize.entropy_normalized2(D) @classmethod def _entropy_cuts_sorted(cls, CS): """ Return the class information entropy induced by partitioning the `CS` distribution at all N-1 candidate cut points. Parameters ---------- CS : (N, K) array of class distributions. """ CS = np.asarray(CS) # |--|-------|--------| # S1 ^ S2 # S1 contains all points which are <= to cut point # Cumulative distributions for S1 and S2 (left right set) # i.e. a cut at index i separates the CS into S1Dist[i] and S2Dist[i] S1Dist = np.cumsum(CS, axis=0)[:-1] S2Dist = np.cumsum(CS[::-1], axis=0)[-2::-1] # Entropy of S1[i] and S2[i] sets ES1 = cls._entropy2(S1Dist) ES2 = cls._entropy2(S2Dist) # Number of cases in S1[i] and S2[i] sets S1_count = np.sum(S1Dist, axis=1) S2_count = np.sum(S2Dist, axis=1) # Number of all cases S_count = np.sum(CS) ES1w = ES1 * S1_count / S_count ES2w = ES2 * S2_count / S_count # E(A, T; S) Class information entropy of the partition S E = ES1w + ES2w return E, ES1, ES2 @classmethod def _entropy_discretize_sorted(cls, C, force=False): """ Entropy discretization on a sorted C. :param C: (N, K) array of class distributions. """ E, ES1, ES2 = cls._entropy_cuts_sorted(C) # TODO: Also get the left right distribution counts from # entropy_cuts_sorted, # Note the + 1 if len(E) == 0: return [] cut_index = np.argmin(E) + 1 # Distribution of classed in S1, S2 and S S1_c = np.sum(C[:cut_index], axis=0) S2_c = np.sum(C[cut_index:], axis=0) S_c = S1_c + S2_c ES = cls._entropy1(np.sum(C, axis=0)) ES1, ES2 = ES1[cut_index - 1], ES2[cut_index - 1] # Information gain of the best split Gain = ES - E[cut_index - 1] # Number of different classes in S, S1 and S2 k = float(np.sum(S_c > 0)) k1 = float(np.sum(S1_c > 0)) k2 = float(np.sum(S2_c > 0)) assert k > 0 delta = np.log2(3 ** k - 2) - (k * ES - k1 * ES1 - k2 * ES2) N = float(np.sum(S_c)) if N > 1 and Gain > np.log2(N - 1) / N + delta / N: # Accept the cut point and recursively split the subsets. left, right = [], [] if k1 > 1 and cut_index > 1: left = cls._entropy_discretize_sorted(C[:cut_index, :]) if k2 > 1 and cut_index < len(C) - 1: right = cls._entropy_discretize_sorted(C[cut_index:, :]) return left + [cut_index] + [i + cut_index for i in right] elif force: return [cut_index] else: return []
class DomainDiscretizer(Reprable): """Discretizes all continuous features in the data. .. attribute:: method Feature discretization method (instance of :obj:`Orange.preprocess.Discretization`). If `None` (default), :class:`Orange.preprocess.EqualFreq` with 4 intervals is used. .. attribute:: clean If `True`, features discretized into a single interval constant are removed. This is useful for discretization methods that infer the number of intervals from the data, such as :class:`Orange.preprocess.EntropyMDL` (default: `True`). .. attribute:: discretize_class Determines whether a target is also discretized if it is continuous. (default: `False`) """ def __init__(self, discretize_class=False, method=None, clean=True, fixed=None): self.discretize_class = discretize_class self.method = method self.clean = clean self.fixed = fixed def __call__(self, data, fixed=None): """ Compute and return discretized domain. :param data: Data to discretize. """ def transform_list(s, fixed=None): new_vars = [] for var in s: if var.is_continuous: if fixed and var.name in fixed.keys(): nv = method(data, var, fixed) else: nv = method(data, var) if not self.clean or len(nv.values) > 1: new_vars.append(nv) else: new_vars.append(var) return new_vars if self.method is None: method = EqualFreq(n=4) else: method = self.method domain = data.domain new_attrs = transform_list(domain.attributes, fixed or self.fixed) if self.discretize_class: new_classes = transform_list(domain.class_vars) else: new_classes = domain.class_vars return Domain(new_attrs, new_classes)